For Loops

1public class ForLoops {
2  public static void main(String[] args) {
3    // Loop from 0 to 9, incrementing by 1 each time
4    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
5      System.out.println(i);
6    }
7
8    // You can increment by more than 1
9    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
10      System.out.println(i);
11    }
12
13    // You can decrement too
14    for(int i = 10; i > 0; i--) {
15      System.out.println(i);
16    }
17
18    // You can decrement by more than 1
19    for(int i = 10; i > 0; i -= 2) {
20      System.out.println(i);
21    }
22
23    // Your increment can be a multiplier
24    for(int i = 1; i < 257; i *= 2) {
25      System.out.println(i);
26    }
27
28    // Or your increment can be a divisor
29    for(int i = 1024; i > 0; i /= 2) {
30      System.out.println(i);
31    }
32  }
33}

Explanation

In this exercise, we introduce for loops, structures used to repeat code a certain number of times. For loops consist of several parts, in the form:
```
1for(INITIALISATION; CONDITION; INCREMENT) {
2 BODY
3}
```
Loops in general are very important to programmers as they allow us to do complicated, long-winded calculations in a short amount of time and using fewer lines of code. For loops are mostly used for counting up or down in steps, usually in steps of 1. There are 3 parts to any for loop: initialisation, condition and increment.
Remember ++ means add 1, and -- means subtract 1. Similarly remember += n means add n and -= n means subtract n. If we wanted to, we could write i = i + 1 rather than i++, but that would be more tedious.
The BODY is the code that is going to be repeated. The INITIALISATION where you declare the variable that will be increased or decreased; in most cases programmers use i and it is declared as an integer. The CONDITION is what must remain true at the end of each iteration of the BODY for the for loop to continue. The INCREMENT is what happens after each iteration of the BODY of the for loop.
So, for the first for loop, i is initialised to 0 and the condition i < 10 is checked. Since that is true, the body is run. Then the increment runs, which increases i by 1, and the condition is checked. 1 is still less than 10, so the body is run again. This continues until i is incremented to 10, after which the loop stops. Therefore the loop goes from 0 (inclusive) to 9 (inclusive).
The increment doesn't have to just be increasing i by 1, as is shown in the code above. In the third for loop, i starts at 10 and then decreases until it is 0. In the fifth for loop, i is multiplied by 2 every time the code runs, until it is greater than 256.

Exercises

Write a program, Ex6B, that uses a for loop to produce the following sequence: 1 -2 4 -8 16 -32, stopping once it gets to 2000.
Write a program, Ex6C, that uses a for loop to produce the following sequence: 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36. Hint: Use a counter to store the last number you've printed out, and think about what number to start at.
Write a program, Ex6D, that prints out all the multiples of 9 between 0 and 108. Hint: x is a multiple of 9 if x % 9 == 0.
Write a program, Ex6E, that prints out the sum of all the multiples of 9 between 0 and 108. Hint: You will need to use +=.

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